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* \u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u660e\u786e\u58f0\u660e\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee3\u7406\u201d\u7684 macOS \u539f\u751f\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u5982 Safari\u3001Mail\u3001App Store\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u90e8\u5206\u9075\u5faa XPC \u6216 NSURLConnection \u6846\u67b6\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e94\u7528\u3002
* \u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982\u57fa\u4e8e Electron \u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u6e38\u620f\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u5f80\u5f80\u7ed5\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb Socket \u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u4ee3\u7406\u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u7f51\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n\u5e94\u7528\u7ea7\u4ee3\u7406\uff08App Proxy\uff09<\/h3>\n
\u2022 Tun\/Tap \u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u5c42\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u62e6\u622a\u5e76\u8f6c\u53d1\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ed5\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002
\u2022 LSP\/Proxy \u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6ce8\u5165\u4ee3\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539 Hosts \u6587\u4ef6\u548c DNS \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002
* \u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e94\u7528\u7ea7\u4ee3\u7406\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u52a8\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u4ee3\u7406\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u8005\uff1f<\/h3>\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u5206\u6d41\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790<\/h2>\n
1. \u5206\u6d41\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n
* IP \u5730\u5740\u5339\u914d\uff08IP\/CIDR\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u76ee\u6807 IP \u5730\u5740\u6bb5\u51b3\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u3002\u7531\u4e8e IP \u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u52a8\u6216\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u6b64\u89c4\u5219\u9700\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
* \u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u5e94\u7528\u5339\u914d\uff08Process\/Binary\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ec5\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982 `chrome.app`\uff09\u542f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u3002
* \u5730\u7406\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff08GeoIP\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e IP \u5f52\u5c5e\u5730\u51b3\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\uff08\u5982 `GEOIP,CN,DIRECT` \u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u56fd IP \u76f4\u8fde\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n2. \u914d\u7f6e\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91<\/h3>\n
\u2022 \u5b9a\u4e49\u76f4\u8fde\u533a\u57df<\/strong>\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u660e\u786e\u54ea\u4e9b\u6d41\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u76f4\u8fde\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\uff1a
* \u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646 IP \u6bb5\uff08\u907f\u514d\u8bbf\u95ee\u56fd\u5185\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\u7ed5\u884c\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u589e\u52a0\uff09\u3002
* \u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u6bb5\uff08\u5982 `192.168.0.0\/16`, `10.0.0.0\/8`\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5185\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b63\u5e38\u3002
* \u8fd0\u8425\u5546 DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668 IP\uff0c\u9632\u6b62 DNS \u6c61\u67d3\u6216\u89e3\u6790\u9519\u8bef\u3002
\u2022 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4ee3\u7406\u533a\u57df<\/strong>\uff1a\u660e\u786e\u9700\u8981\u7ffb\u5899\u7684\u57df\u540d\u6216 IP\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\uff1a
* \u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u670d\u52a1\u57df\u540d\uff08\u5982\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u4e91\u670d\u52a1 API\uff09\u3002
* \u7279\u5b9a\u7684 IP \u6bb5\uff08\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b CDN \u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3002
\u2022 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u5339\u914d\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201c\u76f4\u8fde\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5efa\u8bae\u9ed8\u8ba4\u76f4\u8fde\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n3. \u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u5371\u5bb3<\/h3>\n
* \u670d\u52a1\u5f02\u5e38<\/strong>\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u5185\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u4ee3\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u5e76\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u3002
* DNS \u6cc4\u6f0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c DNS \u8bf7\u6c42\u4e5f\u8d70\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u9690\u79c1\u6cc4\u9732\u6216\u89e3\u6790\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7684 IP\u3002<\/p>\n\u5173\u952e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9879\u8be6\u89e3\uff1aDNS \u4e0e IPv6 \u5904\u7406<\/h2>\n
DNS \u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h3>\n
* \u914d\u7f6e\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a
* \u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u542f\u7528\u201cFake-IP\u201d\u6216\u201cFake-IP + DNS \u8fc7\u6ee4\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002Fake-IP \u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df IP\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u901f DNS \u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u89c4\u5219\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u771f\u5b9e\u89e3\u6790\u3002
* \u786e\u4fdd DNS \u8bf7\u6c42\u5f3a\u5236\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406\u901a\u9053\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u53ef\u9760\u7684 DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u5982 `8.8.8.8`, `1.1.1.1`\uff0c\u6216\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 DNS\uff09\u3002
* \u907f\u514d\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u624b\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a DNS\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8ba9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u7ba1 DNS \u8bbe\u7f6e\u66f4\u4e3a\u7a33\u59a5\u3002<\/p>\nIPv6 \u7684\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n
* \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a
* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff08\u63a8\u8350\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u542f\u7528\u201cIPv6 \u652f\u6301\u201d\u6216\u201cIPv6 \u4f18\u5148\u201d\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u652f\u6301 IPv6\u3002
* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 IPv6\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5728 macOS \u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u6682\u65f6\u7981\u7528 IPv6\u3002\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u7f6e > \u7f51\u7edc > \u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f > TCP\/IP > \u914d\u7f6e IPv6 > \u9009\u62e9\u201c\u5df2\u5173\u95ed\u201d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56 IPv6 \u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h2>\n
1. \u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n
* \u7f51\u7edc\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u201d\u3001\u201c\u63e1\u624b\u5931\u8d25\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8bc1\u4e66\u9519\u8bef\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u8bc1\u4e66\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n2. \u8fde\u901a\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n
* \u5982\u679c\u663e\u793a\u7684 IP \u662f\u4ee3\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u7684 IP\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4ee3\u7406\u751f\u6548\u3002
* \u5982\u679c\u663e\u793a\u7684 IP \u662f\u672c\u5730 IP\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4ee3\u7406\u672a\u751f\u6548\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u3002
* \u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u5c4f\u853d\u7684\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u89e3\u6790 IP \u662f\u5426\u6765\u81ea\u4ee3\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u89e3\u6790 IP \u662f\u56fd\u5185 IP\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e DNS \u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n3. \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3<\/h3>\n
\n\n
\n \n\u95ee\u9898\u73b0\u8c61<\/th>\n \u53ef\u80fd\u539f\u56e0<\/th>\n \u6392\u67e5\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u6b65\u9aa4<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n \u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u7528\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7f51<\/strong><\/td>\n \u5e94\u7528\u7ed5\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u6216\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u89c4\u5219\u672a\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u5e94\u7528<\/td>\n 1. \u68c0\u67e5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u662f\u5426\u542f\u7528\u201cTun \u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u3002
2. \u68c0\u67e5\u8be5\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u662f\u5426\u5728\u76f4\u8fde\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u3002
3. \u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u542f\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n \u56fd\u5185\u7f51\u7ad9\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f13\u6162<\/strong><\/td>\n \u56fd\u5185\u6d41\u91cf\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u8def\u7531\u5230\u4ee3\u7406\u8282\u70b9<\/td>\n 1. \u68c0\u67e5\u5206\u6d41\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e2d\u56fd IP \u6bb5\u548c\u57df\u540d\u662f\u5426\u5728\u76f4\u8fde\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002
2. \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u670d\u52a1\u3002
3. \u542f\u7528\u201c\u8def\u7531\u4f18\u5316\u201d\u6216\u201c\u667a\u80fd\u5206\u6d41\u201d\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u652f\u6301\uff09\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n DNS \u89e3\u6790\u9519\u8bef<\/strong><\/td>\n DNS \u672a\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u6216 DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe<\/td>\n 1. \u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e2d\u542f\u7528\u201c\u5f3a\u5236 DNS\u201d\u6216\u201cFake-IP\u201d\u3002
2. \u66f4\u6362 DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u5171 DNS\u3002
3. \u6e05\u9664\u672c\u5730 DNS \u7f13\u5b58\uff1a\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u6267\u884c `sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder`\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n \u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25<\/strong><\/td>\n \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u6216\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fc7\u671f<\/td>\n 1. \u68c0\u67e5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u793a\u5b89\u88c5\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002
2. \u5728 macOS \u94a5\u5319\u4e32\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e66\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u201c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fe1\u4efb\u201d\u3002
3. \u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u9690\u79c1\u8003\u91cf<\/h2>\n
1. \u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0e\u52a0\u5bc6<\/h3>\n
* \u52a0\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u652f\u6301\u5f3a\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982 TLS 1.3, ChaCha20-Poly1305\uff09\u3002\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u77e5\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982\u8001\u65e7\u7684 SSL \u7248\u672c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n2. DNS \u6cc4\u6f0f\u9632\u62a4<\/h3>\n
* DoH\/DoT \u652f\u6301<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u652f\u6301 DNS over HTTPS (DoH) \u6216 DNS over TLS (DoT)\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u542f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u6216\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u7a83\u542c DNS \u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n3. \u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u9690\u79c1<\/h3>\n
* \u672c\u5730\u65e5\u5fd7\u6e05\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u8fde\u63a5\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u53ef\u51cf\u5c11\u9690\u79c1\u6cc4\u9732\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
\u2022 \u7406\u89e3\u67b6\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u533a\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u7406\u89e3 Tun \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e LSP \u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002
\u2022 \u7cbe\u51c6\u5206\u6d41<\/strong>\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u5408\u7406\u7684\u76f4\u8fde\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7406\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56fd\u5185\u6d41\u91cf\u7ed5\u884c\u3002
\u2022 \u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406 DNS \u4e0e IPv6<\/strong>\uff1a\u9632\u6b62 DNS \u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u59a5\u5584\u5904\u7406 IPv6 \u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002
\u2022 \u5b9a\u671f\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7 IP \u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u914d\u7f6e\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n